Te whakamahinga o te ADR i raro i te Ture Tiaki
I whai mana te Ture Tiaki 2019 (te Ture ) i te tau 2021. He maha ngā huringa nui i kawea mai ki te ture tiaki, ā, koinei te whakahoutanga nui tuatahi i roto i ngā tau 70. Ko tētahi o ngā whanaketanga tino nui me te hou i roto i te Ture ko tana whakaritenga mārama [1] mō ngā tukanga ADR, pērā i te takawaenga me te whakatau tautohe, hei whakatau i ngā tautohe tiaki. [2]
Ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga – ngā take 'ā-roto' me ngā take 'ā-waho' i raro i te Ture
E rua ngā wāhanga whānui o te Ture mō ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga: ngā take whakawhirinakitanga o waho me ngā take whakawhirinakitanga o roto. [3]
- Ko ngā take ā-roto o te whakawhirinakitanga he tautohe e ara ake ana i waenganui i ngā kaitiaki, i waenganui rānei i te kaitiaki me te tangata whai pānga.
- Ko ngā take whakawhirinakitanga o waho he tautohe i waenganui i te kaitiaki me te rōpū tuatoru o waho (he rōpū ehara nei i te kaitiaki, i te hunga whai pānga rānei o te whakawhirinakitanga).
Te Wāhanga 145 tuku ā-ture ki te ADR (ngā take ā-roto anake)
Kei te Wāhanga 145 o te Ture te mana ki te Kōti ki te akiaki i ngā rōpū e pā ana ki tētahi take ā-roto [4] kia whakamahi i te ADR, ahakoa kāore ētahi e pai ki te haere mai, e kore rānei e pai ki te haere mai.
Ka taea e te Kōti te whakatakoto i tēnei whakatau i runga i te tono a te kaitiaki, te tangata whai pānga rānei, i runga anō i tana ake whakaae. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakatū ko wai te takawaenga, te kaiwhakatau rānei, ā, ka taea e ia te whakahau kia utua ngā utu mō te whakamahi i te ADR mai i te pūtea whakawhirinaki.
E rua ngā pātai matua ka arohia e te Kōti ina tūtaki ki tētahi tono mō te wāhanga 145:
1. He mana whakahaere kei reira hei whakahau i te ADR?
Me whakatau tuatahi te Kōti mēnā kei a ia te mana whakahaere i raro i te wāhanga 145 ki te whakahau i ngā rōpū kia takawaenga (kia whakatau rānei), arā, mēnā he take ā-roto te tautohe, ā, mēnā he mea kei roto i te tiiti whakawhirinaki e aukati ana i te tukunga ki te ADR.
2. Me whakatau e te Kōti te ADR?
Kia whakatūria te mana whakahaere ki te whakatakoto i tētahi whakatau i raro i te wāhanga 145, ka whakaarohia e te Kōti mēnā he tika te whakamahi i tōna mana whakatau i raro i ngā āhuatanga, ā, ka whakahau i te rōpū kāore i pai kia haere ki te hui whakatau.
Āhea te Kōti ka whakahau i ngā rōpū kia whakamahi i te ADR? Ko te ture tae noa mai ki tēnei wā…
Kua tata ki te whā tau inaianei mai i te wā i whai mana ai ngā whakaritenga ADR o te Ture hou, ā, kei te tīmata te puta o te ture mō te ADR i whakahaua e te Kōti. I roto i ia take tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, i tonoa te ADR e tētahi rōpū o ngā whakahaerenga ture o nāianei i mua i te Kōti.
Kua whakahaua e te Kōti ngā rōpū kia takawaenga mō te haurua o ēnei tono. Ahakoa kāore i whakaaetia te whakamahi i te mana whakatau, kua whakapuaki tonu te Kōti i tōna whakaute nui ki te whaihua me ngā painga o te ADR ki te whakatau i ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga, ā, kua hoatu hoki he take taipitopito e whakamārama ana he aha e kore ai e tika te takawaenga ā-ture i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake.
S v N – ngā āhuatanga whakaaro
Ko te take tuatahi mō te wāhanga 145 i tae mai ki te aroaro o te Kōti ko S v N. [5] I kī a Wylie J, i roto i te whakamahi i tōna mana ki te akiaki i ngā rōpū ki te takawaenga, me whai whakaaro te Kōti ki ngā hiahia o ngā rōpū me ngā āhuatanga me te hītori o mua.
I whakatakoto a Wylie J i tētahi rārangi kāore i te tino whānui o ngā āhuatanga e tika ana, [6] kua whakahuatia tonutia e te Kōti i roto i ngā whakataunga o te wāhanga 145 i muri mai:
- utu
- te muna
- tere
- te hiranga me te uaua o te take
- te tika o te takawaenga kua whakaarohia
- ngā hiahia o ngā rōpū
- ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakanoho (mēnā e mōhiotia ana)
- mutunga
- te āheinga ki te whakatinana
- whaipainga
I muri i te whakaaroaro ki ētahi o ēnei āhuatanga, me te tautuhi i ētahi āhuatanga rerekē o tēnei kēhi, kāore a Wylie J i pai ki te whakahau i te taha kāore i pai ki te whakatau i te take.
Wright v Pitfield – ki te kawe koe i tētahi hōiho ki te wai, ka inu ia i te nuinga o te wā.
I roto i te keehi Wright v Pitfield , [7] kāore i uaua ki te Kōti te whakahau i te taha whakaroa ki te takawaenga.
I herea e Venning J te putanga o S v N ki ōna āhuatanga rerekē, [8] ā, i tohu ia mā te whakatinanatanga o te wāhanga 145, i whai te Paremata ki te akiaki i ngā rōpū kāore i pai ki te takawaenga. I kite ia he mea noa te takawaenga ā-ture i roto i ētahi atu mana whakahaere, tae atu ki New South Wales, ā, i kōrero ia mō tētahi whaikōrero a Lord Phillips mō tōna angitu: [9]
Ko te hunga whakahē e kī ana ko te akiaki te ritenga kē o te takawaenga. Ko te kaupapa matua o te takawaenga he mea tūao. Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te akiaki i ngā rōpū ki te whai i tētahi mahi tūao? Ka taea e koe te kawe i tētahi hōiho ki te wai engari kāore e taea e koe te whakawai i a ia kia inu. Ko te hunga e tautoko ana i te takawaenga whakahau ka whakahoki 'ae engari ki te kawe koe i tētahi hōiho ki te wai, ka inu ia i te nuinga o te wā.' E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga ko ngā reiti whakataunga mō ngā rōpū kua akiakihia ki te takawaenga he rite tonu te teitei ki te hunga e whakamahi ana i te takawaenga i runga i ō rātou ake whakaaro.
I kī atu anō ia ahakoa e akiaki ana tētahi rōpū i raro i te wāhanga 145 i tētahi whakatau kia tae atu ki te whakatau takawaenga, kāore e akiaki i taua rōpū ki te whakatau i ngā take i te whakatau takawaenga.
I kitea e ia i roto i te take o nāianei, ka taea e te takawaenga te whakatau i ngā take maha atu i ngā mahi matua, ka karohia ngā utu me ngā utu whakarite mō te whakawa, ā, ka pupuri i te muna arumoni. [10] I whakatau ia me te āwhina tika, me taea te whakatau tika i ngā take i waenganui i [ngā rōpū].
I roto i tētahi tāpiritanga ki te whakataunga, i kī a Venning J nā te takawaenga ā-ture i angitu ai te whakataunga o ngā take katoa i waenganui i ngā rōpū.
Terry v Terry – he whakaaetanga mō ngā take hei takawaenga?
I roto i te keehi Terry v Terry , [11] i tino whakanuia e Johnson J te whakamahinga o te takawaenga hei whakatau i ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga:
Ina whakatata atu ngā kaiuru katoa ki te huarahi tika, ko te whakatau i te takawaenga e karangatia ana e te takawaenga mohio ka whakatau i te ōrau nui o ngā momo take katoa, mai i ngā tautohe arumoni nui rawa atu tae noa ki ngā take iti rawa. Ā, ki te angitu, he pai ake te tukanga whakatau i te haere ki te whakawakanga. He maha ngā take me whakatenatena te Kōti i te whakamahinga o te tukanga, ā, kua whakaaetia tēnei e te ture i te whakatinanatanga o ngā wāhanga 142-148.
Heoi, kāore ia i kite i tētahi huarahi tūturu mō te whakataunga i roto i ngā āhuatanga, ā, kāore ia i pai ki te whakahau i te takawaenga. Ko te take matua o tēnei, nā te mea kua whakamārama te tangata whai pānga i kawe mai i te mahi matua (te tango i te kaitiaki) me te tono takawaenga, ko tana tino hiahia kia tohatohahia ngā rawa o te whakawhirinakitanga ki a ia. Ehara tēnei take 'huna' mō te tohatoha i te take i roto i te mahi matua, ā, he mea kāore i te hiahia ngā kaitiaki ki te whai wāhi atu ki te takawaenga.
Wiggins v Wiggins – ka tae mai ngā rōpū katoa ki te rūma?
I roto i te keehi Wiggins v Wiggins , [12] i whakakahore a Churchman J ki te tono takawaenga nā te mea kāore tetahi kamupene tuatoru e whai wāhi ana ki te tautohe e whai wāhi ki te takawaenga, ā, ki te kore he whakaaetanga a taua kamupene, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i tētahi whakataunga whakamutunga me te whai mana. I roto i aua āhuatanga, i whakaaro te Kōti he mea wawe, he koretake hoki te tono takawaenga i taua wā, ā, he maumau utu.
Gatfield v Hinton – ngā whakahau mō te takawaenga me te whakatau tautohe
I roto i te keehi Gatfield v Hinton , [13] kāore i te mea i akiaki noa te Kōti i ngā tāngata e rua e kore e pai ki te whakatau (ngā kaiwhakapae i roto i te mahi matua ki tētahi kaitiaki) kia whakatau i te take; i whakahaua anō hoki mēnā kāore i angitu te whakatau, me whakatau te tautohe mā te whakatau tautohe, ā, i whakatūria te kaiwhakatau tautohe. I tukuna ngā whakatau e rua i runga i te tono a te kaitiaki, ko ia te tangata whakapae i roto i ngā whakahaerenga matua.
Te tono mō te takawaenga
I kī a Lester J ahakoa kua whakakahoretia e te kaitiaki e tono ana i te takawaenga ngā tono ADR i mua, ehara tēnei i te arai ki tana tono ināianei:
Ka rerekē ngā tirohanga a te tangata mō tētahi tautohe. I ētahi wā, mā te whai huatanga o ngā tohutohu motuhake ka whakaaroaro te rōpū ki tā rātou wāhanga i roto i te tautohe, me te hiahia hoki kia whakatauhia.
I kī te Kōti ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te ADR …[he] he tere ake, he iti ake te utu o te tukanga i ngā tautohe arumoni , ā, i whakahuatia anō ngā painga o te ADR i whakaahuatia i roto i te Terry v Terry i runga ake nei, me te whakanui i te āhua muna o te takawaenga me te whakatau tautohe i roto i ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga whānau:
He nui te hiahia whānui ki te pupuri i te muna o ngā take whānau ina mahia motuhaketia… Ki taku whakaaro ko te hiahia kia whakahaerea ngā take whānau me te muna kia pai ake ai te ADR.
I whakamārama a Lester J, kāore i rite ki te keehi Terry v Terry , i whakaae ngā rōpū i konei ko ēhea ngā take e tautohetia ana, ā, i hiahia te kaitiaki ki te whakatau i te take tonu i whaia e ngā rōpū ātete i roto i ngā whakahaerenga matua.
I tohu anō hoki ia ko ētahi o ngā putanga i rapua e ngā kaiwhakapae i roto i ā rātou tono ka taea anake te whakatutuki mā te takawaenga, [14] me te kī ka taea e te takawaenga te tūhura i ngā putanga kore-moni … ā, ko te whāinga he aro ki ngā painga o ngā rōpū, ehara i te mea ko ō rātou mana ture tino pakari .
Ko tētahi o ngā painga o te ADR, i te iti rawa mō te takawaenga, kāore ngā rōpū e herea ki ngā tono whakawakanga ina tūhuratia ana ngā take me ngā putanga … i te ADR he whānuitanga o ngā take ka taea te aro atu, ehara i te mea ko ngā mea anake kei roto i te tono whakawakanga.
He rerekē ki te keehi Wiggins v Wiggins , i tēnei kēhi, ko ētahi atu tāngata katoa (ko ngā kaiwhiwhi pānga kē atu) i hiahiatia ā rātou whakaaetanga hei whakamana i tētahi whakataunga takawaenga, ā, hei whakamana hoki, i pai ki te haere mai.
I kī atu anō a Lester J:
Ahakoa kāore i tutuki he whakataunga whānui, ko te mea pono ko te mahi a te takawaenga he hui take tuarua… Ki te kore e tino angitu te takawaenga, ka penapenahia ētahi utu ina whakawhāitihia ngā take.
Mā te kaitakawaenga mohio ka tirotirohia e ngā rōpū ngā whakaaro e tautoko ana i ō rātou [tirohanga] mō ngā painga o ō rātou tūranga. Ehara hoki i te mea onge ka puta he otinga kāore i whakaarohia e tetahi o ngā rōpū.
I kite te kaiwhakawā i tana tirohanga he tino pōuri te hunga whakaroa ki ngā mea ka taea te whakatutuki i roto i tētahi hui whakatau pai te whakahaere , ā, hei whakautu i tā rātou whakahē he "mea mōrearea hinengaro" te tū atu ki te kaitiaki mō rātou, i whakamanawa atu ia ki a rātou ka taea e tētahi kaiāwhina mohio te whakatau i te kare ā-roto i roto i tēnei take .
Whakatau mō te whakatau tautohe
Mō te tono kia tukuna ki te whakatau tautohe (mēnā kāore i angitu te whakatau tautohe), i whakaae a Lester J ka taea e te kaiwhakatau tautohe te whakamahi i te mana whakahaere kotahi me te kaiwhakawā o te Kōti Matua, tae atu ki tētahi mana whakahaere ā-roto. I tāpiri atu ia:
Kei te wātea ngā tono whakawhitiwhiti kōrero katoa e wātea ana i roto i tēnei Kōti i roto i te whakatau tautohe engari ka taea te whakahaere wawe ake i roto i te whakatau tautohe. Ka puta hoki he penapena utu. Ka whakatauhia ngā take whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e te kaiwhakatau whakamutunga, ka waihanga he whakatenatena mahi mō ngā rōpū ki te whakaatu kei te whai rātou i tētahi huarahi whaitake ki te whakawakanga nā te mea ka tirotirohia katoatia ā rātou mahi whakawakanga e te kaiwhakatau whakamutunga.
I kōrero a Lester J mō ētahi painga o te whakatau tautohe i runga i te ture, tae atu ki te waimarie o ngā rōpū ki te whiwhi i tētahi whakawa [Kōti] i te tau 2026 , ā, mā te whakakore i te ADR, e kī ana ngā rōpū kāore i te pai ki a rātou he pai ake kia rua tau te roa o ngā whakawa uaua me te utu nui . Engari, mēnā i whakamahia e rātou te whakatau tautohe, ka karohia e rātou ngā utu tuku Kōti tata ki te $33,600 , ka whai wāhi ki te whiriwhiri i te wāhi me te rā whakawa , ā, tera pea ka whakatauhia te take i mua i te mutunga o te tau .
I whakaae te Kōti, tera pea ka nui ake ngā utu mō te rōpū e hinga ana i roto i te whakatau tautohe i tērā i roto i te Kōti, mēnā ka whakahaua rātou e te kaiwhakatau tautohe kia utua e rātou te utu a te kaiwhakatau tautohe. Heoi, i kī a Lester J he mōrearea ngātahi tēnei mō ia rōpū, ā, ki tāna titiro kaua e nui te taumaha nā te mea he mōrearea kei roto i te kaha o te wāhanga 145 ki te whakahau whakatau tautohe.
I whakahau a Lester J kia tae atu ngā rōpū ki te whakatau tautohe, ā, mēnā kāore i angitu te whakatau tautohe, i whakatūria e ia he kaiwhakatau tautohe hei whakahaere i te whakatau tautohe.
Whakaaetanga ki te piira me te whakaroa i ngā whakataunga takawaenga me te whakatau tautohe
I tono ngā rōpū kāore i pai kia whakaaetia kia piira i te whakataunga, me te tono kia whakaroahia ngā whakatau mō te takawaenga me te whakatau tautohe i te mea kei te tatari tonu kia puta te piira.
I whakaaetia e Lester J te whakaroa o te whakatau whakatau i te aroaro o te tono mō te whakaaetanga ki te piira, engari i whakakahoretia te whakaroa o te whakatau whakatau, ā, i whakahau kia haere tonu i runga i te wā i whakaritea. [15]
I kitea e Lester J kāore he whakahāwea i ngā rōpū kāore i pai ki te haere ki te whakatau takawaenga:
Ki te tutuki he whakataunga, he pai katoa. Ki te kore e tutuki he whakataunga, kua whai wāhi ngā rōpū ki te tūhura i ngā take o tēnei tukanga me te whai wāhi mai i te takawaenga, he Roia Matua a te Kīngi, māna rātou e āwhina ki te whakamātautau i ngā whakaaro e pā ana ki ō rātou tūnga.
I tae atu ngā rōpū ki te whakatau tautohe. Heoi, kāore i angitu.
I te marama o Hepetema 2024, [16] i whakatau a Lester J he tika te whakaae i te tono kia whakaaetia te piira ki te Kōti Pīra i te mea kāore he mana o nāianei mō te wāhanga 145 hou ki te whakahau i te whakatau tautohe.
Addleman v Lambie Trustee Limited – te whakaaturanga i mua i te whakatau tata?
I roto i te keehi Addleman v Lambie Trustee Limited , [17] i kite a Andrew J i tērā
Kua mārama te mōhio o te Paremata ki ngā painga nui ka puta mai i te ADR, he rerekē ki ngā whakapaunga me ngā kino ka puta mai i ngā whakawakanga tautohetohe .
I tēnei kēhi, i ātete te rōpū whakaroa ki te takawaenga nā te mea kāore te kaitiaki i whakapaea i whakarongo ki te whakaaturanga o ngā mōhiohio whakawhirinaki i whakahaua e te kooti, ā, kāore i taea e ia te tino whakamōhiotia, te whakamōhiotia hoki ki ana kōwhiringa whakataunga i mua i te takawaenga.
I whakaae a Andrew J he wehewehe, he tawhiti hoki te tūnga o ngā rōpū, ā, ko te korenga o te whakaaturanga i whakararu i te rōpū e kore e hiahia ana. Heoi, i whakamanawa atu ia ki a ia he tikanga mārama kei roto i te tukunga takawaenga mō te whakatau i ngā take whakaaturanga kāore anō kia puta :
Kāore e kore ka mōhiotia ngā take whakakitenga e tētahi kaitakawaenga mātau… Ka taea e ngā rōpū, me te āwhina a te kaitohutohu pai me te kaitakawaenga mātau, te hanga i tētahi tukanga hei whakatika i ngā take whakakitenga kāore anō kia puta. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei he hui i mua i te whakakitenga me te kaitakawaenga. …
I whakahau a Andrew J i te takawaenga, ā, i whakahau kia whakatau te takawaenga i ngā tautohe e pā ana ki te whakaaturanga e tika ana kia tae atu ai ngā rōpū ki te takawaenga. I tono anō ia kia tae atu te rōpū e kore e pai ana, e noho ana i tāwāhi, ki Aotearoa, kaua mā te hui ataata:
Ki taku titiro, he mārama te hiahia kia whai whakaaro pono i roto i tēnei take, kia noho tahi ai ngā rōpū i roto i te rūma kotahi, kia tika ai te aro atu ki ā rātou āwangawanga… he mārama te hiahia kia whakamātauria te huarahi kē atu o te ADR me te tirohanga ki te karo i te mōrearea tūturu i roto i tēnei take o te utu nui me te whakaroa e arahi ana ki te pakaru haere tonu o te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā rōpū. Tērā pea ka puta he whānuitanga o ngā kōwhiringa whakataunga a te ADR mā ngā rōpū, ā, ahakoa te āhua nei he tautohe uaua ki te whakatau, ehara i te mea tauhou ki ngā kaitakawaenga mātau ēnei momo tautohe … Mā te whakatau i ētahi o ngā take i te takawaenga ka whakaiti i te whānuitanga o te kitenga e hiahiatia ana me te roa o tētahi whakawakanga.
Innes v Darlow – te tūponotanga o te whakataunga i ngā kereme kāore i te tika
I roto i te keehi Innes v Darlow , [18] i kī a Paulsen J me puhoi te Kōti ki te whakahau i te takawaenga mēnā he tino koretake te take.
I kitea e te Kōti kāore e taea te tono i te takawaenga i roto i tēnei take nā te mea he take o waho te tautohe. [19] Nā te mea ehara tēnei i te take o roto, kāore i uru ki roto i te wāhanga 145.
Heoi, i kōrero tonu a Paulsen J, ahakoa he take ā-roto tēnei, kāore ia i whakahau i ngā tuākana, tuākana, tuākana e waru o te kaitono kia haere tahi me ia ki te hui whakatau.
Ko ngā take a Paulsen J ko te nui o ngā utu e hiahiatia ana mō te takawaenga me te tini o ngā rōpū, ā, kāore he take o te kereme matua, ā, he iti noa te tūponotanga o te whakataunga i te mea nā te whanonga a te rōpū tono me ana mahi kino ki ōna tuākana/teina i roto i ngā tautohe tūmatanui o mua, kāore e taea e ia te tumanako kia takawaenga rātou me ia ināianei.
Whakamutunga
He tino pai ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga mō te ADR. Mā te whakatau whakatau, te takawaenga rānei o ngā tautohe whakawhirinakitanga ka āwhina i ngā rōpū ki te karo i te whakawā i ā rātou take tūmataiti ki te aroaro o te iwi whānui i roto i ngā kōti.
Ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa utu nui, he kōwhiringa ahotea, he kōwhiringa roa hoki te whakawakanga i roto i ngā kōti, engari he maha ngā wā ka uru atu hoki te whakaaturanga ki te marea o ngā take whaiaro ki ngā rōpū. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā mōhiohio whaiaro me ngā take pūtea me ngā take pakihi e noho muna ana mēnā kāore.
E whakaatu mārama ana te ture kēhi hou mō te ADR whakawhirinaki ā-ture i te mōhiotanga a te Kōti ki ēnei painga me ētahi atu. Ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā kēhi tae noa mai ki tēnei wā kua aro ki te takawaenga, e tumanako ana mātou ki ngā aratohu mai i te Kōti Pīra mō ngā whakahau tata nei mō te whakatau tautohe whakawhirinaki ā-ture i roto i te keehi Gatfield v Hinton .
Whakaaetanga tūao ki te whakawa i te ADR – ngā take ā-roto, ā-waho hoki
He mea tika kia maumahara ko ngā take whakawhirinaki ā-roto (mēnā ko ngā rōpū katoa o te tautohe e mahi ana i roto i ō rātou tūranga hei kaitiaki, hei kaiwhiwhi painga rānei) ka taea te tuku ki te ADR me te kore he whai wāhi a te Kōti, [20] mēnā e pai ana ngā rōpū katoa (me ngā kaiwhiwhi painga katoa) ki te haere mai.
I raro i te Ture, ka taea hoki e ngā kaitiaki te tuku i ngā take o waho (ngā tautohe me tētahi atu rōpū) ki te ADR mēnā ka whakaae te rōpū kē. Kāore e hiahiatia he whakaaetanga a ngā kaipupuri moni hei whakamahi i te ADR hei whakatau i ngā take o waho.
Ka whakaratohia e NZDRC ngā ratonga whakatau tautohe me te takawaenga mō ngā tautohe a te Tari Tiaki. He mea nui ki a mātou ngā tukanga whakatau tautohe whai hua me te whai hua. Ka tutuki ā mātou ratonga i ngā hiahia maha, ahakoa e pai ana koe ki te whakatau tautohe hei karo i ngā mahi a te Kōti, ki te takawaenga rānei hei pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga. Mā tā mātou ratonga pakari me te whai hua ka whakarite kia pai ngā putanga mō ngā rōpū e pā ana ki ngā tautohe a te Tari Tiaki. He nui te angitu me te rongonui mō te whakatipu i ngā putanga pai, he whiringa pono a NZDRC mō te whakatau tautohe. Ka kitea e koe ētahi atu mōhiohio e pā ana ki ā mātou ratonga ADR a te Tari Tiaki i runga i tā mātou paetukutuku .
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Ngā Wāhanga 142–148 o te Ture.
[2] Kāore e taea te tuku i ngā tautohe mō te mana o te katoa, o tētahi wāhanga rānei o tētahi whakawhirinakitanga ki te ADR.
[3] Kei roto i ngā "take" ngā tukanga ture, ngā tautohe rānei ka arahi pea ki ngā tukanga ture.
[4] Kāore he mana o te Kōti ki te whakahau i te ADR mō ngā take o waho, ā, kāore hoki e aukatia te ADR e te tiiti whakawhirinakitanga.
[5] S v N [2021] NZHC 2860. I pā te take ki te whakanohoanga anō o ngā rawa whakawhirinaki o ngā hoa rangatira o mua.
[6] S v N , i runga ake i te n 5 i [29] e pā ana ki a Andrew Butler, Arbitration of Trust Disputes under the Trusts Act 2019 [2021] NZLJ 106, me te [35].
[7] Wright v Pitfield [2022] NZHC 385. I pā te take ki te mana whakahaere me te hoko i ngā rawa whakawhirinaki o ngā hoa rangatira o mua (tae atu ki te hokonga o tētahi kamupene) me te tango i te kaitiaki.
[8] I whakatūria he ota tiaki e aukati ana i te rōpū e tono ana kia kaua e whakapā atu ki te rōpū kāore i pai, kua whakaae kē rātou mā roto i ngā ota whakaae ka whakatauhia ngā take e ngā kaitiaki motuhake, ā, i whakaaro te Kaiwhakawā kei te whakamahi te rōpū e tono ana i te tono mō te takawaenga hei rautaki whakaroa anō.
[9] Lord Phillips, Ariki Tumuaki Kaiwhakawā o Ingarangi me Wales mō te Whakataunga Tautohe Rerekē: he Tirohanga Ingarihi (Īnia, 29 Maehe 2008).
[10] Ko ngā take matua i uru ki te aromatawai me te hokonga kua whakaarohia mō tētahi kamupene
[11] Terry v Terry [2023] NZHC 884. I pā te take ki ngā rōpū whakawhirinaki whakaata e pupuri ana i tētahi pāmu e whakahaerehia ana e tētahi whaea (he kaiwhakanoho whenua) me tētahi o āna tamariki tokowhā, whai muri i te matenga o tō rāua pāpā (he kaiwhakanoho whenua). I tautohetohe te whaea me te tama mō te whakahaere i te pāmu. I tono te tama kia tangohia tōna whaea i tana tūranga kaitiaki.
[12] Wiggins v Wiggins [2024] NZHC 863. He tautohe tēnei i waenganui i tētahi tungāne me tētahi tuahine, ko rāua ngā kaitiaki o tā rāua whakawhirinakitanga whānau i whiwhi moni mai i ngā hea i roto i tētahi pakihi whānau.
[13] Gatfield v Hinton [2024] NZHC 1712. Ko te tautohe i pā ki ngā whakawhirinakitanga e rua o ngā wīra me te mana o tētahi whānau bach. I kī ngā kaiwhiwhi o ngā kaiwhakapae kua whakaae te kaitiaki o te hunga whakapae ki te hoko i tētahi hea o te bach ki a rātou engari i hokona atu ki ētahi atu kaiwhiwhi.
[14] I hiahia ngā kaiwhakapae kia whakawhitia te hea o te bach ki a rātou (mai i ngā tāngata whai pānga kāore i uru ki ngā whakahaerenga), me te whakapāha hoki mai i te kaitiaki.
[15] Gatfield v Pearson [2024] NZHC 2074.
[16] Gatfield v Hinton [2024] NZHC 2603.
[17] Addleman v Lambie Trustee Limited [2024] NZHC 1790. Ko ngā whakahaerenga he wāhanga o tētahi tautohe roa i kawea mai e tētahi kaiwhiwhi painga (te rōpū kore e pai) ki tōna tuahine, te kaitiaki-kaiwhiwhi painga o tētahi whakawhirinakitanga whānau tino whai hua. I te tau 2021 i whakahaua e te Kōti Matua kia whakaaturia ngā pūkete whakawhirinakitanga katoa me ngā tohutohu ture i utua mai i te tahua whakawhirinakitanga tae noa ki te rā i tīmata ai ngā whakahaerenga.
[18] Innes v Darlow [2024] NZHC 2614. I pā te take ki tētahi whakawhirinakitanga whānau me ngā uri e iwa o ngā tuākana, teina rānei. I tono te kaiwhakapae i tētahi wāhanga nui ake o te pūtea whakawhirinakitanga mai i ōna tuākana, teina rānei nā te mea i tukuna e ia ki ō rātou mātua (ngā kaiwhakanoho kua mate) i roto i te tiaki i a rātou.
[19] He kereme tēnei tautohe nā tētahi teina, tuākana rānei, i runga i tōna tūranga hei kaituku nama mō te whakawhirinakitanga (nō reira, hei rōpū tuatoru), ehara i te mea ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiwhiwhi.
