Papamuri - Te wāhi tika a Elliott i roto i a Samsung
He pūtea a Elliott Associates, LP ( Elliott ) kei te Hononga o Amerika, ā, kei Korea ki te Tonga āna haumitanga. He kaipupuri hea a Elliott i roto i te Samsung C&T Corporation ( SC&T ), he wāhanga nō te rōpū Samsung, i uru atu ki te hanumitanga me Cheil Industries Inc ( Cheil ). I whakahē a Elliott i te hanumitanga.
Ko te National Pension Fund of Korea ( NPF ), he kamupene e whakahaerehia ana e tētahi pūtea tūmatanui o Korea ki te Tonga ( NPS ), tētahi atu kaipupuri hea i roto i te SC&T. I tautoko a NPF i te whakakotahitanga, ā, mehemea kāore i whakaaetia te whakakotahitanga e NPF, kua kore e paahitia.
I tīmata a Elliott i ngā tukanga whakatau tautohe ki a Kōrea ki te Tonga i raro i te whakaritenga haumi kei roto i te Whakaaetanga Tauhokohoko Koreutu a te US – Kōrea (te BIT ).
Ka haere te tautohe ki te whakatau tautohe
I roto i ngā whakahaerenga, i whakapae a Elliott nā Kōrea ki te Tonga i tohutohu hē te NPS kia pōti tautoko i te whakakotahitanga. I te mahi pera, i takahi te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga i ngā wāhanga matua o te BIT – arā, ngā paerewa iti rawa o te maimoatanga me te paerewa maimoatanga ā-motu.
I whakaarohia e te taraipiunara te whānuitanga o te BIT. I raro i te Ture 11, ka whakahaere te BIT i ngā "tikanga" e pā ana ki ngā kaipupuri moni me ngā haumitanga. Ko te whakapae matua a Kōrea ki te Tonga, kāore e taea e ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga te takahi i te BIT nā te mea:
- Kāore i kitea he "mehua" e tika ana.
- Kāore a Kōrea ki te Tonga i "whakaae, i pupuri rānei" i tētahi ture.
- Me i whai i tētahi mehua, kāore i "pā ki" a Elliott, ki tāna haumitanga rānei.
I arohia ēnei take e te taraipiunara. I kitea e rātou:
- Ka taea te kī he "tikanga" i raro i te BIT ngā mahi katoa a te Kāwanatanga.
- Ahakoa i taea te kī he mahi arumoni noa iho te pōti a te NPF, i raro tonu i te mana whakahaere o te minitatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga te mahi. I tua atu, ahakoa ehara a NPS i te tari de jure o te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga, he hononga tata ki te kāwanatanga, ā, he wāhanga hoki nōna, ā, he wāhanga tonu o taua tari.
- He tikanga "e pā ana" ki tētahi kaipupuri moni, ki tētahi haumitanga rānei, mēnā, i te wā i whakatinanahia ai te tikanga e pā ana, i taea te matapae ka pā kino ki tētahi kaipupuri moni o tētahi atu rōpū, o tētahi haumitanga kua hipokina rānei. I tēnei take, he mea matapae te pānga o te wawaotanga a te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga, ā, i mōhio ngā tari kāwanatanga e tika ana ki te whakahē a Elliott.
I te whakaūnga o tōna mana whakahaere, ka tahuri te taraipiunara ki te tirotiro mēnā i takahi te wawaotanga a Kōrea ki te Tonga i te paerewa iti rawa o te tikanga maimoatanga i te Tuhinga 11 o te BIT. I kitea e te taraipiunara i takahi, ā, nō reira i whakawhiwhia a Elliott ki te $49 miriona USD.
E whai ana a Kōrea ki te Tonga kia whakakorehia te tohu
- he whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe whai mana;
- he rūnanga whakawa kua whakatūria tika; ā,
- e pā ana ngā take tautohenga ki te whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe.
Ko te tautohe - he aha i tika ai kia tirotirohia te tautohe a Kōrea ki te Tonga?
E mārama ana te tohutohu a te Wāhanga 67 i te kōti kia whakaarohia te take e pā ana ki te mana whakahaere o te taraipiunara. Ehara tēnei i te wā mō te rōpū ātete ki te tautohetohe mō te kaupapa o te whakataunga a te taraipiunara. Heoi, he uaua ki te wehewehe mēnā he take mana whakahaere, he take rānei e pā ana ki te take nui. Hei tauira, i tautohe a Kōrea ki te Tonga ehara a Elliott i te kaipupuri moni. He mana whakahaere tēnei – kāore e taea e te taraipiunara te whakaaro ki te take mēnā kāore e pā ana ki te haumitanga. Heoi, he mea nui anō hoki. Ko te mahi matua a te taraipiunara he whakatau mēnā kua takahia e te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga te Upoko 11.
Ka whakakahoretia e te kooti te tautohe a Korea ki te Tonga
Ehara i te mea ko Elliott v Republic of Korea te kēhi tuatahi i tika ai kia whakatakotohia e te Kōti he rārangi angiangi e pā ana ki te wāhanga 30(c). I ngā whakataunga o mua, [3] i arotakehia e te Kōti he whānuitanga o ngā tautohe i raro i te āhua e kōrero ana rātou ki te mana whakahaere. I runga i ngā whakautu a te Kōti ki ēnei tautohe, i kī te Kōti ka taea e ia te whakatakoto i te mātāpono e whai ake nei:
Mēnā ka hiahiatia te whakatau a te kooti tirotiro i ngā take e whai pānga ana ki ngā take matua, tera pea e tohu ana tēnei ehara te take i te take whai pānga ki te mana whakahaere i raro i te wāhanga 30, nā te mea ka uru atu he kooti ā-rohe me ētahi atu kooti whakamana ture hei whakatau i ngā take e whai pānga ana ki te taraipiunara whakatau tautohe.
I tua atu, i tautuhia e te Kōti tētahi huarahi hei wehewehe i waenga i tētahi tautohe e haere ana ki te mana whakahaere me tētahi e haere ana ki ngā pūtake o te tautohe:
E whakapono ana ahau, mēnā ka whakauruhia he take ki roto i ngā āhuatanga o tētahi tautohe, ka pāngia ia e te whakatauira mana whakahaere.
Mō ngā kōrero matua e toru i whakaarahia e Kōrea ki te Tonga, ka nui atu te kōrero mō ia kōrero i te tātari hangarau o ngā kupu o te BIT. Mō ia kōrero, kāore a Kōrea ki te Tonga i te titiro noa ki te tautuhi i ngā wāhanga o te kupu, engari ki te whakamahi i te whakamāramatanga o ngā meka hei tautohe kāore i takahia e ia ngā paerewa iti rawa o te maimoatanga. I whakaū anō te Kōti i ngā take matua e tautohetia ana hei whakamārama i te kōrero:
- "I whakaaetia, i puritia rānei tētahi tikanga" – ko te whakamārama mēnā i "whakaaetia, i puritia rānei" e Kōrea ki te Tonga tētahi "tikanga" ka taka ki te whakamaoritanga o te kaupapa a te NPS. Tērā pea me titiro te Kōti mēnā i mahi motuhake a NPS mō tōna ake painga arumoni, i raro rānei i te arataki a te Manatū.
- "E pā ana ki" – kia aromatawai te Kōti mēnā he mahi "e pā ana" ki ngā haumitanga a Elliott, me whai whakaaro ki ngā pānga kino ka kitea i mua i te wā i mahia ai, me te mea rānei i whai whakaaro ki te kino i ngā haumitanga.
Ka haere tonu te tautohetohe
Ehara tēnei i te kōrero whakamutunga a ngā kōti o Ingarangi mō te tautohe. I te mutunga o te whakataunga, i whakaarohia e te Kōti mēnā he kōrero anō hei kōrero mō te take. Ahakoa i whakakahoretia e te Kōti te tautohe a Kōrea ki te Tonga, i whakaae tonu te Kōti ki ō rātou whakaaro he tino tūmanakohanga tōna ki te angitu .
Hei tāpiri atu, he pātai tēnei e hiahia ana ki ngā whakautu. Mehemea ka taea e te pātai mō te tautohe nui te kī he pātai mō te mana whakahaere, tera pea he mea nui ki te whakatau i ngā wero ki ngā whakataunga whakatau tiriti haumi i mua i te Kōti Tauhokohoko o Ingarangi. Nō reira, i tukuna e te Kōti he whakaaetanga ki a Kōrea ki te Tonga kia whakarongohia te take ki te Kōti Pīra.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tukunga tonutanga a te Kōti i te whakaaetanga ki a Kōrea ki te Tonga e tohu ana kāore anō kia whakatauhia tēnei take. Ahakoa te mārama o te wero ki te mana whakahaere me te wero ki ngā take o te tautohe, nā te mea kei roto i te wāhanga 30(1)(c) ka uaua ai. Tērā pea he uaua te whakatau mēnā kei te rite te take ki te whakaaetanga whakatau tautohe mēnā kāore he matapakinga mō ngā take o te tautohe. Ahakoa pēhea, ka whakamāramahia e te Kōti Pīra tētahi rerekētanga ka tae pea ki ngā taha iti rawa.
Ngā Tohutoro
[1] Wāhanga 67.
[2] Te Repupiripia o Korea v Elliott Associates, LP [2024] EWHC 2037 (Comm) .
[3] PAO Tatneft v Ukraine [2018] EWHC 1797 (Comm); Korea v Dayyani [2019] EWHC 3580 (Comm); me Czech Republic v Diag Human SE me Mr Stava [2024] EWHC 503 (Comm).
